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Grand theory is a term invented by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in ''The Sociological Imagination''〔Mills, C.W. (1959). The sociological imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.〕 to refer to the form of highly abstract theorizing in which the formal organization and arrangement of concepts takes priority over understanding the social world. In his view, grand theory was more or less separated from the concrete concerns of everyday life and its variety in time and space. The main target of Mills was Talcott Parsons, also an American sociologist and the architect of structural functionalism, against whom he insisted that there is no grand theory in the sense of one universal scheme to understand the unity of social structures, according to Gregory.〔Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G., Watts, M., Whatmore, S. (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography, 5th edition. London: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. Section Grand Theory by Derek Gregory, p 315-316.〕 In Parsons view "grand theory" integrated not only sociological concepts, but also psychological, economic, political, and religious or philosophical components. He tried to integrate all the social sciences within an overarching theoretical framework.〔 By the 1980s the grand theory was reformulated and included theories such as; critical theory, structuralism, structural Marxism, and Structuration Theory, all influenced human geography. Barnes and Gregory〔 confirmed this and noticed in addition; “No matter the phenomenon investigated, it could always be slotted into a wider theoretical scheme. Nothing would be left out; everything would be explained.” According to Gregory〔 there are two critical responses to this (reformulated) grand theory. First there has been a continuing debate about the scope of theory in human geography, with the focus on the relation between theory and empiricism. Wherein some authors thought of a ‘theory-less world of empiricism’, in contrast to others which foresaw a fixation upon theory, meaning the threat of the ‘theorization of theories’, second order abstractions ‘doubly removed from the empirical world’. Secondly, that no single theoretical system can possibly ask all the interesting questions or provide all the satisfying answers. A third response, such as in Engaged theory and global studies, has been to carry forward the aspiration to understand the 'social whole', but without the totalizing claims of 'grand theory'. One social theorist talks of the search as: :: to find a pathway between and beyond the modern confidence in grand theory and the postmodern rejection of other than piece-meal explanations for this and that discursive practice. It does so, not by setting up a grand theory, but by setting up a sensitizing and generalizing ‘grand method’ to explore the structures and subjectivities of social formations that traverse history as we know it. ==See also== *Engaged theory *General Theory 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「grand theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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